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In this lesson, you will learn the equivalents of 'either-or', 'neither-nor' and 'both-and' constructions. 
 In Turkish, these are also conveyed with two words that are separated. Let's see:
<table class="ui fixed celled table">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
			<td>ya ... ya (da) ...</td>
 <td>Either ... or ...</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
			<td>hem ... hem (de) ...</td>
 <td>Both ... and ...</td>
 </tr>
		 <tr>
					<td>ne ... ne (de) ...</td>
 <td>Neither ... nor ...</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>
 
	 As you can see, dE particle is always optional in all three. You can practically put anything you want
	 in between them; verbs, nouns, clauses, adverbs etc. Now let's see some example sentences:

<table class="ui fixed celled table">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
			<td>Ya makarna yiyeceğim ya köfte (yiyeceğim).</td>
 <td>I'm going to eat either pasta or meatballs.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
			<td>Hem akıllı hem de çalışkan bizim çocuğumuz.</td>
 <td>Our child is both smart and hardworking.</td>
 </tr>
		 <tr>
					<td>Ne kitap okuyabildim ne uyuyabildim.</td>
 <td>I could neither read a book nor go to sleep.</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>
 Just like in English, ya ... ya ... and hem ... hem ... are used for positive statements while ne ... ne ...
	is used for negative sentences. Also like in English, the negation comes from ne ... ne ... itself, so there is no need to negate the verb 
	with the negation marker -mE. In fact, doing that would make statement positive, since two negatives make a positive.
Also, notice how in the first sentence, Turkish can ellipse (from ellipsis, that is, to drop) the second verb, if they are the same verb. You can add it too if you'd like,
	it does not make a difference in meaning.

(N)Either n(or), and both: ya, hem, ne

noun

adjective

determiner

verb

adverb

postposition

interjection

conjunction

pronoun

sentence

phrase

Unknown

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - transitive, non-causative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - ablative

VERB - dative

VERB - locative

VERB - accusative

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - auxiliary

Counting to 10

Fruits

The days of the week

The months of the year

Demonstratives

Adjectives

Vegetables

Animals extended

Hello and goodbye

Colors

First degree family

Nouns and articles

Plural nouns and minor vowel harmony

Personal pronouns

The verb "to be"

There is and there are

The infinitive and the stem

The imperative and major vowel harmony

The present continuous

The locative case suffix

The accusative case suffix

The dative case suffix

Final consonant harmony

Negative verbs

Questions in the present continuous

Questions with the verb "to be"

The imperative

The imperative forms of yemek and demek

Different uses of the present continuous

Irregular verbs

The Turkish alphabet

The indefinite article and the number one

The negative form of "to be"

Question words

Meeting people

Conjunctions

Stress inside questions

Locative location pronouns

Dative and ablative location pronouns

Accusative and locative personal pronouns

The genitive case suffix

Genitive personal pronouns

Extended family

The possession suffix

Dative and ablative personal pronouns

Expressing possession with var and yok

Clothing

The head and related parts

Compound nouns

Body parts

Combining suffixes

Water and the possession suffix

Vowel elimination on suffixation

Location postpositions

Location postpositions 2

Extra vocabulary and expressions

The ablative case suffix

Wearing things

Demonstratives with case suffixes

Counting larger numbers

Using numbers and quantifiers

A bit much and more and less

Animals

Telling time

The instrumentative

The definite simple past

Food

Nuts

Countries

Traffic and directions

The weather

With and without

Nationalities

Question	Answer
either ... or ...	ya ... ya (da) ...
both ... and ...	hem ... hem (de) ...
neither ... nor ...	ne ... ne (de) ...
meatball	köfte
I'm going to eat either pasta or meatballs.	Ya makarna yiyeceğim ya köfte (yiyeceğim).
Our child is both smart and hardworking.	Hem akıllı hem de çalışkan bizim çocuğumuz.
I could neither read a book nor go to sleep.	Ne kitap okuyabildim ne uyuyabildim.
to burn^INTRANSITIVE, to be burnt	yanmak
Kardelen's skirt is both torn and burnt.	Kardelen'in eteği hem yırtıldı hem de yandı.
notice, informing^{OF THE POLICE}	ihbar
to report, to notify^{THE POLICE}	ihbar etmek
You either work for me or I'll report you to the police.	Ya benim için çalışırsın ya da seni polise ihbar ederim.
to drive^{A CAR}	araba sürmek
My spouse drives neither fast nor slow.	Eşim ne hızlı ne yavaşça araba sürer.

Turkish 173 - (N)Either n(or), and both: ya, hem, ne

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